儿童青少年身体活动对焦虑的效果：系统综述的系统综述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2025.08.003

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the effect of physical activity interventions on anxiety in children and adolescents (aged four to 19 years), as well as the potential impact of modalities, dosages and population factors on outcomes.

Methods Following PRISMA and PRIOR guidelines, systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between 2019 and 2025 that examined the relationship between physical activity and anxiety in children and adolescents were retrieved. The methodological quality of the included literature was assessed using AMSTAR 2, and the evidence was synthesized through a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches.

Results A total of seven articles were included, among which four were of high quality, two were of moderate quality, and one was of low quality. Regular physical activity was found to reduce anxiety levels in children and adolescents, with a moderate effect size (SMD = -0.39 to -0.54). Resistance training and low-intensity exercise may be more effective. Evidence was insufficient and contradictory for optimal physical activity dosage.

Conclusion Physical activity is a promising, safe and accessible non-pharmacological strategy that can be used for the prevention and auxiliary treatment of anxiety in children and adolescents.

Key words: children, adolescents, anxiety, physical activity, mental health, systematic review of systematic reviews

CLC Number:

R749.7

YANG Tongnian, REN Jie, XIAO Hui. Effect of physical activity on anxiety for children and adolescents: a systematic review of systematic reviews[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2025, 31(8): 883-888.

Figures/Tables 4

Table 1

Figure 1

Table 2

Table 3

Basic characteristics of included literatures"

纳入文献	国家	综述类型	样本特征	干预方案	测量工具	焦虑结局
Dale等^[15] (2019)	加拿大	Umbrella综述	纳入研究：26 样本量：未报告年龄：5~19岁健康状况：抑郁/多动症/孤独症/双相情感障碍	活动类型：体育运动 FITT：未报告	未报告	降低焦虑症状
Rodriguez-Ayllon等^[16] (2019)	西班牙	Meta分析	纳入研究：114 样本量：未报告年龄：2~18岁健康状况：健康	活动类型：太极拳、锻炼、运动、户外玩耍 FITT：每次60 min，每周2~3次，共8~28周	多种自评量表	缓解低水平焦虑症状
Andermo等^[17] (2020)	瑞典	Meta分析	纳入研究：30 样本量：未报告年龄：4~19岁健康状况：低运动水平或具有久坐行为	活动类型：在校身体活动(体育课、瑜伽、太极拳、跆拳道、跑步、课间活动等) FITT：每次30~90 min，每周1~6次，共4~48周	多种量表	降低焦虑增强复原力改善幸福感提升积极的心理
Carter等^[18] (2021)	英国	Meta分析	纳入研究：22 样本量：n = 2407 年龄：25岁以下健康状况：抑郁/焦虑/健康	活动类型：有氧运动、瑜伽、太极 FITT：每次10~75 min，每周1~6次，共2~52周	STAI/BAI/DASS-21/HADS等	中度改善状态焦虑
Wanjau等^[19] (2023)	澳大利亚	Umbrella综述	纳入研究：4 样本量：未报告年龄：6~18岁健康状况：抑郁/焦虑/健康	活动类型：身体活动 FITT：高水平	临床诊断	较高水平的身体活动降低抑郁和焦虑风险
Riis等^[20] (2025)	美国	系统综述	纳入研究：8 样本量：n = 304 年龄：5~18岁健康状况：孤独症	活动类型：瑜伽、足球、步行、骑马、团体锻炼 FITT：每次40~75 min，每周1~3次，共6~16周	STAI/ASC-ASD/SCARED/ABC-C/CBCL/BAI/皮质醇	减轻焦虑症状
Singh等^[21] (2025)	澳大利亚	Umbrella综述 Meta-meta分析	纳入研究：21 样本量：n = 38117 年龄：5~18岁健康状况：抑郁/焦虑	类型：有氧、抗阻、混合、身心运动 FITT：每次5~135 min，每周1~14次，共1~52周	多种自评量表	焦虑症状改善混合运动模式和中等强度运动对抑郁最有效，抗阻运动对焦虑症状最有效

Table 3

References 26

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人群(Population)	干预(Intervention)	对照(Comparison)	结局(Outcome)
人群(Population)	干预(Intervention)	对照(Comparison)	测量方法	结局指标
4~19岁的儿童与青少年，包括一般人群、特定临床人群(如肥胖、孤独症)以及临床诊断患有焦虑障碍的人群	任何形式的规律身体活动，FITT包括：频率(frequency)：每周次数；强度(intensity)：低、中、高(或剧烈)强度；时间(time)：单次时长、干预总周期；类型(type)：有氧运动、抗阻训练、高强度间歇训练、身心运动(如瑜伽、太极)、团队运动(如足球)、在校体育活动等模式：监督、非监督、部分监督	无干预常规照护(如常规体育课) 健康教育非身体活动(如久坐活动、注意力控制) 其他类型的身体活动	自评量表父母/教师评定量表临床诊断访谈	焦虑水平状态焦虑特质焦虑焦虑障碍(新发或改善) 特定焦虑(如社交焦虑、表现焦虑)

纳入文献	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	质量
Dale等^[15] (2019)	√	×	√	√	±	±	×	√	√	×	-	-	√	√	×	×	低
Rodriguez-Ayllon等^[16] (2019)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	×	√	√	√	√	√	×	中
Andermo等^[17] (2020)	√	√	√	√	√	√	×	√	√	×	√	√	√	√	√	×	中
Carter等^[18] (2021)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	×	√	√	√	√	√	×	高
Wanjau等^[19] (2023)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	×	√	√	√	√	√	×	高
Riis等^[20] (2025)	√	×	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	×	-	-	√	√	×	×	高
Singh等^[21] (2025)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	×	√	√	√	√	√	×	高

Effect of physical activity on anxiety for children and adolescents: a systematic review of systematic reviews

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