Objective To analyze the hotspots and frontiers of researches related to exercise intervention for spinal curvature abnormalities in children and adolescents.

Methods Articles related to exercise intervention for spinal curvature abnormalities in children and adolescents were retrieved from CNKI and Web of Science Core Collection, from January, 2014 to December, 2023. The literatures were analyzed wtih CiteSapce 6.2.R3 in terms of disciplines, countries, institutes and keywords.

Results A total of 233 articles were retrived, including 71 articles in Chinese and 162 articles in English. The annual publication volume was on the rise. China was the country with the highest number of publications. South Korea was seen a sudden increase in recent literature. For Chinese, the institutions with the largest number of publication were the Department of Health and Exercise Science in Tianjin University of Sport and Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital). While the institutions with the largest number of publication in English were Marmara University and Hong Kong Polytechnic University. The English literatures covered a wide range of disciplines, including clinical medicine, sports medicine, neurology and psychology. Common high-frequency keywords in both Chinese and English literatures were idiopathic scoliosis, Cobb's angle and Schroth exercise. The latest bursting words included physical health in Chinese, and health-related quality of life and respiratory muscle strength in English.

Conclusion The research popularity related to exercise intervention for spinal curvature abnormality in children and adolescents is generally on the rise. The research hotspots focus on four main areas: disease, quality of life, research advances and clinical treatment. More attention should be paid to the effect and dosage of exercise intervention on the respiratory function, as well as the effect of Chinese medicine exercise therapy on pediatric patients with abnormal spinal curvature diseases. Future work should focus on constructing an evidence-based Chinese/Western medicine exercise prevention and treatment system in the context of China's national conditions, advancing high-quality randomized controlled trials, strengthening interdisciplinary and international collaborations, and focusing on the development and evaluation of personalized exercise intervention programs.

Objective Based on the bio-psycho-social model of functioning and health of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework, this paper systematically analyzes rehabilitation-related policy documents of the World Health Organization (WHO) to explore the theoretical and policy principles, service systems, priority development areas, and main policy and technical measures for speech and language rehabilitation for children with hearing impairment.
Methods Under literature research and policy analysis methods, this paper systematically reviewed the functioning and health framework of ICF, relevant WHO policy reports and American Speech and Hearing Association technical documents, analyzed the current status and needs of rehabilitation services in China, and proposed a theoretical framework, priority areas, and main policy and technical measures for constructing an ICF-based speech and language rehabilitation service system for children with hearing impairment.
Results There were eight major principles for the development of speech and language rehabilitation for children with hearing impairment: child-centered and respect for individual differences, life-cycle support and promoting continuous development, evidence-based practice, multidisciplinary collaboration, building family participation support networks, promoting integrated education and social participation, focusing on cultural sensitivity, and technology-empowered rehabilitation innovation. Five service systems were elaborated, including comprehensive early screening, diagnosis, and intervention system; family and social support system; multidisciplinary team services system; comprehensive, multi-level speech and language rehabilitation service system; and digitally empowered services to build new rehabilitation service models. The priority development areas, and main policy and technical measures for speech and language rehabilitation for children with hearing impairment were also discussed.
Conclusion Based on the bio-psycho-social model of functioning and health of ICF, comprehensive, personalized, continuous, high-quality and universally accessible speech and language rehabilitation services can be developed by implementing measures, such as strengthening policy support, improving service systems, cultivating multidisciplinary professionals, promoting digital empowerment technologies and enhancing support system, to promote the overall development, social participation and quality of life for children with hearing impairment.

Objective To systematically analyze the effect of rhythmic physical activity on executive function and sub-components in healthy preschool children.

Methods Literature in Chinese and English was retrieved from databases such as CNKI, Wanfang Data, EBSCO, PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science for researches about the intervention of rhythmic physical activity for executive function of healthy children aged three to six years, up to October, 2024. The methodological quality of the researches was evaluated with PEDro Scale, and data were extracted for a systematic review.

Results Ten researches, published between 2019 and 2024, from seven countries, were included; and seven were randomized controlled trials and three were quasi experiment, involving a total of 1 047 children. The scores of the PEDro scale ranged five to eight. The rhythmic physical activity intervention was 20 to 50 minutes a time, one to five times a week, for six to 20 weeks. The forms of rhythmic physical activity intervention included sports activities (street dance, flower ball cheerleading, walking, running, jumping and other motor skill exercises), music teaching activities (music perception, rhythm synchronization and music games), dance activities (creative dance, action imitation and role playing) and music performance activities (body percussion, rhythm sticks, sand balls and drums). Rhythmic physical activity was effective on at least one sub-component of executive function. However, five of the seven researches involving cognitive flexibility failed to demonstrate a positive effect. Six researches compared the effects of rhythmic physical activity versus other physical activities, and five found that rhythmic physical activity was more effective on executive function.

Conclusion Rhythmic physical activity can improve inhibitory control and working memory in preschool children; but the effect on cognitive flexibility remain controversial.

Objective To review the application of artificial intelligence in anxiety and depression among children and adolescents.

Methods PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang data were searched for literature related to artificial intelligence applied in of anxiety and depression among children and adolescents from January, 2014 to January, 2024, and a scoping review was conducted.

Results A total of ten papers were included, originating from the United States, China, Australia and France. These researches were primarily published in journals related to psychology, public health, clinical medicine, neuroscience and rehabilitation, involving six cross-sectional researches, three longitudinal researches and one interview, including 10 880 participants aged from three to 18 years. The types of data mainly included questionnaires/scales, interview data and brain imaging data. Features related to anxiety and depression were extracted from the data, and artificial intelligence were employed to develop models for the identification or prediction of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents.

Conclusion Artificial intelligence is potential for identifying or predicting anxiety and depression in children and adolescents.

Objective To create an evidence-based expert consensus on airway function rehabilitation and management post tracheostomy in neurocritical patients.

Methods The lists of problems and recommendations were defined using Delphi method, and the evidence quality and recommendation strength were evaluated using GRADE, and the results were reported based on RIGHT.

Results The comprehensive rehabilitation of airway function for neurocritical patients with tracheotomy in the setting of clinical rehabilitation would be conducted by a multidisciplinary team, including rehabilitation physicians, rehabilitation therapists, nurses, etc. A total of 17 recommendations were finally formulated on four major issues, including the airway function rehabilitation, airway management, pre-decannulation assessment and decannulation, and the monitoring after decannulation and rehabilitation management.

Conclusions The expert consensus on the airway function rehabilitation and the management after tracheostomy in neurocritical patients in the setting of clinical rehabilitation has been created, which may be helpful for the quality and safety of rehabilitation for the airway function in neurocritical patients with tracheostomy.

Objective To observe the effect of combination of partial body weight support and functional electrical stimulation on lower limb motor function for stroke patients.

Methods From January, 2023 to February, 2024, 60 stroke patients from Rehabilitation Hospital of Chancheng District People's Hospital in Foshan City were randomly divided into control group (n = 30) and observation group (n = 30). The control group received routine rehabilitation, while the observation group received a combination of celestial orbit system and functional electrical stimulation in addition, for three weeks. They were assessed with Balance assessment and training system, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremities (FMA-LE) and Holden Functional Ambulation Category (FAC) before and after treatment.

Results X-axis trajectory length, average speed of swaying, total wobble trajectory, Y-axis trajectory length, trajectory length per unit area, BBS score, FMA-LE score and FAC score improved in both groups after treatment (|t| > 4.809, P < 0.001); and all the indexes improved more in the observation group than in the control group (|t| > 2.268, P < 0.05), except X-axis trajectory length and average speed of swaying.

Conclusion Supplement of the combination of partial body weight support and functional electrical stimulation is more effective on lower limb motor function, balance and walking for stroke patients.

Objective To construct a curriculum system for higher vocational education in speech-language-hearing rehabilitation based on the World Health Organization rehabilitation competency framework (RCF), to align with international standards.
Methods Based on RCF, curriculum theory and principles of vocational education psychology, a curriculum system and its content for higher vocational education in speech-language-hearing rehabilitation were developed. The curriculum content and core competencies were analyzed in detail across four levels: basic courses, specialized basic courses, specialized core courses and practical training courses.
Results From the perspective of the seven competency domains of RCF, the theoretical and practical significance of constructing a speech-language-hearing higher vocational education curriculum system based on RCF was systematically elaborated. The study emphasized the importance of establishing competency-oriented higher vocational rehabilitation education for developing students' professional competence, adapting to job requirements, and promoting career development. A curriculum content system for speech-language-hearing rehabilitation higher vocational education based on RCF was systematically constructed, encompassing basic courses, professional courses, and practical training courses. The course names, main content and competency objectives at each level were analyzed in detail.
Conclusion It is important to develop the course system of higher vocational education of speech-language-hearing rehabilitation based on RCF. By comparing with international standards, the curriculum is optimized, focusing on improving students' vocational competence and promoting the international development. The curriculum system covers key areas such as core values, beliefs, practice and professionalism, integrates basic, core and practical training courses to achieve a competence-oriented curriculum system for higher vocational speech-language-hearing rehabilitation education.

Objective To synthesize evidence from systematic reviews on the positive impacts of music interventions on the functioning, health and development of children and adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD).

Methods Literature was searched across databases including PubMed, EBSCO, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science and CNKI, focusing on high-quality systematic reviews published from January, 2014 to March, 2024. These reviews examined the functioning, health and developmental benefits of music interventions (including therapy and education) for children and adolescents with IDD.

Results Eight English systematic reviews were included, involving 5 308 children and adolescents with IDD, from China, France, Spain, Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom; mainly from journals in the fields of music therapy, children and adolescents psychiatry, educational psychology, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and health psychology, mainly published between 2018 and 2023. The music therapy interventions mainly included music education interventions, improvisation music therapy (creation and performance), interactive music therapy (music and movement), mixed music therapy (including singing, dancing and drama), auditory-motor mapping training, family music therapy and melody-based communication therapy; involving basic music theory learning, music gesture and language training, music appreciation, improvisation, music ensemble, music cooperative games, etc; ten to 90 minutes a time, one to five times a week, for one to 32 weeks. In terms of cognitive development, music education interventions were beneficial for improving attention in children and adolescents with IDD. In terms of psycholinguistic skills, music therapy could significantly improve the articulation and language abilities of children and adolescents with ASD, especially phonological memory, word and sentence comprehension; and language and communication skills of children and adolescents with IDD, and enhance oral expression abilities. Music could also help improve behavioral disorders, including improving physical coordination, reducing repetitive behaviors and controlling hyperactive behaviors. In terms of music education performance, music therapy could improve amiliarity with song rhythm and melody, phoneme discrimination, mastering songs and lyrics, and enhance music rhythm perception of children and adolescents with IDD. In addition, music therapy also promoted social and emotional development, improved prosocial behavior and social skills, helped reduce anxiety, enhance emotional control, improve social skills and self-esteem, increase positive emotions, and strengthen communication and cooperation with peers and teachers.

Conclusion Music intervention has a positive impact on the function, health and development of children and adolescents with IDD, which is reflected in cognitive development, psycholinguistic skills, motor skills, music education performance, and children and adolescents' social and emotional development.

Objective To analyze the current state, research hotspots, and development trends of electroencephalography (EEG) applied in the field of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods Relevant literature from the Web of Science core collection database from January, 2014 to January, 2024 were retrieved and analyzed using CiteSpace 6.2.R4.

Results A total of 1 509 articles were included, with an increasing trend in publication volume over the years. The United States ranked highest in both publication volume and node centrality. The primary journals in this field were concentrated in clinical medicine, immunology and psychology. Keyword co-occurrence and clustering indicated that research primarily focused on the correlation between core symptoms of ASD and EEG indicators, differential diagnosis of ASD and its comorbidities, brain functional connectivity, and assessment of rehabilitation efficacy. Keywords bursted in the past three years mainly included artificial intelligence and machine learning.

Conclusion The researches in EEG technology in the field of ASD is generally increasing. Future researches may focus on exploring the brain network mechanisms of ASD using EEG combined with multimodal neuroimaging, and machine learning technologies.

Objective To assess the elderly health-related rehabilitation services (HRRS) needs from a community and population perspective and construct a community-based elderly HRRS framework.
Methods The limitation of the elderly HRRS was analyzed, a community-based elderly rehabilitation service framework based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) was guided, and the implementation path was proposed.
Results This paper analyzed the evaluation, provision and models of existing community rehabilitation services both domestically and internationally. It combined the background and practical requirements of China's new era to elucidate the connotation of HRRS for the elderly in the community. It proposed constructing a community-based elderly HRRS framework guided by ICF. The paper also offered implementation strategies for promoting community-based elderly HRRS, focusing on enhancing leadership and policy, financing, human resources, service provision, technology, and digital intelligence empowerment. It provided reference and insights for advancing the national strategy of population aging and implementing the Healthy China strategy.
Conclusion It is suggested to continue to accelerate the development of rehabilitation capacity, and increase the supply of HRRS, to meet the diverse needs of the masses of HRRS.

Objective To systematically analyze the effect of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) on cognition, emotion and adaptive behavior in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Methods The randomized controlled trials (RCT) about the effect of VR or AR interventions on cognition, emotion and adaptive behavior in children and adolescents with ASD were retrieved from databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang data from January, 2008 to August, 2024, and a systematic review was conducted.
Results Nine RCT from China, Italy, Spain, Iran and the United Kingdom, involving a total of 384 participants, were included, published between 2016 and 2024. Participants aged two to 15 years. The approaches included VR immersive headsets, Xbox 360 Kinect game consoles, CAVE-style immersive virtual environments and AR; covered daily life scenario experiences, cognitive and social scenario training, and emotion recognition tasks. Outcome measures involved cognitive function, emotional function, attention, memory, basic interpersonal communication and adaptive behavior. Interventions typically lasted 15 to 60 minutes a time, one to three times a week, for three to 24 weeks. VR-based training improved overall cognition, emotion recognition, emotional control and expression, basic interpersonal communication and adaptive behavior; while AR-based training improved executive function, spatial orientation, task focus and memory.
Conclusion VR and AR are effective on overall cognitive function, emotional function, attention, memory, basic interpersonal communication and adaptive behavior in ASD children and adolescents.

Objective To evaluate the effect of virtual reality (VR) on cognitive function and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Methods A systematic search of CBM, CNKI, Wanfang data, VIP, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed was carried out to identify randomized control trials (RCT) about the effect of VR technology on patients with Parkinson's disease from inception to February 29th, 2024. The control group received routine cognitive training, balance training or physical therapy, and the experimental group received VR technology. The quality of articles was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's 5.1.0 RCT risk assessment tool for bias. The meta-analysis was performed using Revman5.4. GRADE was used to evaluate the evidence quality of outcome indicators.

Results A total of 13 literatures involving 426 patients were included. Allocation concealment and blind methods were not described in most literatures, and selective reporting of research results or other biases was unclear. VR technology could improve the Motreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score (MD = 1.11, 95%CI 0.31 to 1.90, P = 0.006), Trail Making Test (TMT)-A score (MD = -6.25, 95%CI -11.71 to -0.78, P = 0.030) and depression scale score (SMD = -0.56, 95%CI -0.95 to 0.18, P = 0.004) of patients with Parkinson's disease; however, it did not improve TMT-B score (MD = -6.01, 95%CI -28.16 to 16.14, P = 0.590), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)-Part II score (MD = -2.11, 95%CI -4.97 to 0.75, P = 0.150) and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) score (MD = -0.92, 95%CI -4.03 to 2.19, P = 0.560). For quality of evidence, MoCA score, UPDRS-Part II score and PDQ-39 score were low, and depression score and TMT score were moderate.

Conclusion VR technology can improve the cognitive function and depression of patients with Parkinson's disease; however, no significant improvement is found in activities of daily living and quality of life.

Objective To investigate the international occupational classification of rehabilitation-therapy professionals, and analyze the core competencies, to improve the occupational system of rehabilitation-therapy professionals in China.

Methods According to Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use that prepared by the Statistics Division of the United Nations and Human Development Index of each country or area, the occupational classification of rehabilitation-therapy professionals in the International Labour Organization (ILO) and 17 typical countries or areas was compared, and rehabilitation competency framework (RCF) was used to analyze the core competencies.

Results The occupational classification or similar documents of ILO and 15 countries or areas were obtained. Except China categorizing rehabilitation-therapy professionals as technicians, all the documents set detailed occupations of rehabilitation-therapy professionals such as physical therapist and speech therapist as formal full-time occupation; and ILO and 14 countries or areas defined these detailed occupations as professional occupation. The core competencies of technicians only involved a very small number of competencies and activities in RCF, while the core competencies of detailed occupations of rehabilitation-therapy professionals covered the vast majority of competencies and activities in RCF. There were differences in RCF competencies and activities involved in the core competencies of detailed occupations of rehabilitation-therapy professionals.

Conclusion The core competencies are different between rehabilitation-therapy professionals and technicians, and among different detailed occupations of rehabilitation-therapy professionals. It is important for China to establish the detailed occupations of rehabilitation-therapy professionals as formal full-time occupation. The education related to therapy and rehabilitation in China is gradually aligning with international standards, legislation on occupational qualification admission for rehabilitation-therapy professionals should be carried out, and make the rehabilitation-therapy professionals to be professional occupation.

Objective To cultivate competent rehabilitation assistive technology workers and systematically develop the undergraduate curriculum courses of assistive technology using World Health Organization Rehabilitation Competency Framework (RCF) and International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).

Methods The competence of assistive technology workers was discussed based on the ICF, RCF and the service needs of modern assistive devices and technology, and the undergraduate curriculum courses of rehabilitation assistive technology were developed referring to the national vocational competence standards.

Results Referring to the national vocational competence standards, the entry-level competence of assistive technology workers was developed based on ICF and RCF. The objectives of undergraduate education were set. Moreover, the undergraduate curriculum courses and core course of assistive technology were developed.

Conclusion The undergraduate curriculum courses of assistive technology are developed using ICF and RCF. This will help improve the quantity and competency of rehabilitation assistive technology workers and increase the access for people with disabilities to obtain assistive technology.

Objective To evaluate the effect of structured therapy and education based on personal strength on ischemic stroke.

Methods From March, 2021 to September, 2023, a total of 114 patients with ischemic stroke from the First People's Hospital of Kunshan were randomly divided into control group (n = 57) and experimental group (n = 57). The control group received routine medicine, rehabilitation training and standard health education, while the experimental group received routine medicine, rehabilitation training and structured therapy and education based on personal strength, for six weeks. They were compared with the scores of modified Rankin Scale (mRS), motor-evoked potential (MEP) latency and amplitude, modified Barthel Index and Self-Recovery Efficacy Scale score and recurrence within three months after the start of the study. The scores of Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionaire (FFMQ) were also compared.

Results After treatment, the score of mRS (t = 5.002), MEP latency period (t = 9.739) and amplitude (t = 4.394), modified Barthel Index (t = 11.261), the score of Self-Recovery Efficacy Scale (Z = -2.638), and the scores of MMAS (t= 19.521) and FFMQ (t= 15.381) were better in the experimental group than in the control group (P< 0.05).

Conclusions Structured therapy and education based on personal strength could faciliate to improve the recovery and self-management of ischemic stroke patients.

Objective To explore the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on the knee abduction torque and vastus medialis-medial gastrocnemius (VM-MG) co-contraction index during walking among the old patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis.
Methods From March to May, 2022, 32 old patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis in communities in Ji'nan were enrolled and randomly allocated to control group (n = 16) and training group (n = 16). The training group received PNF and the control group received home-based exercise, for six weeks. The knee abduction torque and VM-MG co-contraction index were measured using an infrared motion capture system synchronized with 3D force plate and electromyography system before and after treatment.
Results Three cases in the control group and two cases in the training group dropped off. The first and the second peaks of knee abduction torque, and the VM-MG co-contraction index improved in the training group after treatment (|t| > 2.460, P < 0.05), and the first and the second peaks of knee abduction torque were better in the training group than in the control group (|t| > 2.454, P < 0.05).
Conclusion PNF may optimize the load distribution between the medial and lateral compartments of the knee in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Objective To investigate the current situation of competency and professional activities of pediatric rehabilitation therapists in Jiangsu, Shanghai and Zhejiang.
Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 168 pediatric rehabilitation therapists in Jiangsu, Shanghai and Zhejiang, from December, 2022 to February, 2023, and the general information and the competency were obtained. A total of 35 pediatric rehabilitation therapists were interviewed one-on-one, from October, 2022 to January, 2023, using thematic framework.
Results A total of 162 effective questionnaires were collected. The level of competency of pediatric rehabilitation therapists was (3.44±0.87); and it was higher in professional literacy (3.90±0.77) and practice (3.83±0.77), and lower in management and leadership (2.92±1.44), and research (2.14±1.64). Latent class analysis showed that the therapists could be divided into four categories, of which the "medium competency" accounted for the most proportion (34.57%), and "low learning and research" was the least (8.64%). The interviews identified problems of competency such as maintaining communication with children's families and managing self-professional development.
Conclusion Self-reported rehabilitation competency levels of pediatric rehabilitation therapists in three provinces and cities are above three points in all four dimensions, except for the management and leadership dimension, where the score is below three points.

Objective To explore the construction of a core competency framework and content for higher vocational speech-language-hearing rehabilitation technology programs based on World Health Organization rehabilitation competency framework (RCF).
Methods Utilizing RCF and integrating the educational objectives for higher vocational speech-language-hearing rehabilitation programs outlined by the Ministry of Education in 2022, as well as the technical documents from the International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics and the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, this study analyzed the professional activities in speech-language-hearing rehabilitation technology to construct a competency framework based on RCF and give details in the specific content of each domain.
Results The competency for speech-language-hearing rehabilitation technology encompassed seven domains: core values, beliefs, practice, professionalism, learning and development, management and leadership, and research. Each domain was subdivided into specific competency elements and professional activities.
Conclusion Establishing a higher vocational education system for speech-language-hearing rehabilitation technology based on RCF will help to set educational objectives, and construct curriculum systems, so that to cultivate practitioner who meet social needs and possess comprehensive professional skills and competencies.

Objective To analyze the current status and frontier trends of research on the application of cognitive-motor dual task training (CMDT) in stroke.
Methods Relevant literatures on the application of CMDT in stroke were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang data, VIP, SinoMed and Web of Science Core Collection from inception to October 11, 2023, and was analyzed with CiteSpace 6.2R4.
Results A total of 285 articles were included with 124 in Chinese and 161 in English. The annual number of publications showed a general upward trend. United States, Canada, Netherlands, China and United Kingdom were the leading countries in terms of output in English. The scholar with the most publications in Chinese was Zheng Jiejiao, and the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine in Huadong Hospital of Fudan University was the leading institution for Chinese publications. Vrije University Amsterdam was the leading institution for English publications. The most frequent Chinese keywords were gait, falls, balance, cognition and postural control. The most frequent English keywords were dual-task, walking, gait, balance and cognitive-motor interference. Bursting keywords from the past two years included gait training, cognitive tasks, balance ability and cognitive-motor interference.
Conclusion The researches on the application of CMDT in stroke are on the rise, with hotspots including gait training, cognitive tasks and cognitive-motor interference. The mechanisms of CMDT and the development of optimal CMDT rehabilitation protocols for stroke may be researched more in the future.

Objective To investigate the effect of the sling massage exercise on postpartum pelvic girdle pain (PPGP).

Methods From March, 2022 to May, 2023, 56 patients with PPGP in Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were randomly divided into control group (n = 28) and observation group (n = 28). Both groups received routine physical therapy and healthy education, while the control group received exercise therapy and the observation group received sling massage exercise, for six weeks. They were assessed with Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire (PGQ) and active straight leg raise (ASLR) test before and after treatment, and measured resting and contraction thickness of transversus abdominis with ultrasound; and integrated electromyography (iEMG), root mean square (RMS), median frequency (MF) and mean power frequency (MPF) of pelvic floor muscles with surface electromyography.

Results After treatment, the total effective rate was 96.43% in the observation group and 78.57% in the control group (Z = 2.728, P < 0.05). All the indexes improved in both groups (|t| > 2.080, P < 0.05) except resting thickness of transverse abdominis muscle, and improved more in the observation group than in the control group (|t| > 2.161, P < 0.05).

Conclusion The sling massage exercise can alleviate pain, enhance the stability of the core muscle group, and improve load transfer and quality of life, better than exercise therapy.

Objective To construct a high-quality practical teaching system of rehabilitation majors for undergraduate based on World Health Organization rehabilitation competence framework (RCF).

Methods Using the principles and methods of RCF, the competency requirements for rehabilitation therapy were analyzed and a practical teaching system suitable for undergraduate education in rehabilitation therapy was constructed.

Results The rehabilitation practice education were constructed as practice courses, clinical practice and social service practice, and the practice education modules and objectives were discussed based on RCF.

Conclusion A competency-oriented rehabilitation practice education system has been constructed based on RCF, including practice courses, clinical practice and social service practice.

Objective To apply the World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to a comprehensive analysis of the functional characteristics of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to develop a functionally oriented, individualized exercise rehabilitation protocol.

Methods International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and ICF were utilized to systematically analyze the body structure, physical function, activities and participation, and environmental factors of children with ADHD. Based on the ICF's bio-psycho-social model of function, disability and health, combined with the theory of somatic and mental interaction, and referring to the WHO 2020 Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour, particularly the sections relevant to disabled adolescents, a function-oriented exercise rehabilitation protocol suitable for children with ADHD was formulated.

Results The dysfunctions of children with ADHD were mainly manifested in the area of mental functions (b1), which was highlighted by attention functions (b140), energy and drive functions (b130) and higher-level cognitive functions (b164). In terms of activities and participation, limitations were primarily observed in learning and applying knowledge (d1), general tasks and demands (d2), communication (d3), and interpersonal interactions and relationships (d7). In addition, environmental factors such as products and technology (e1), support and relationships (e3), and attitudes (e4) affected the progression of the disorder. According to the guidelines, physical activity could be categorised into motor skill-based activities, fitness-based activities and sport-based activities. Children with ADHD were recommended to perform at least 60 minutes of moderate to high intensity fitness activities (e.g., aerobic exercise) and motor skill activities (e.g., basic movement exercises) a day, and at least three times a week of high intensity activities such as strength/resistance training and athletic competitions. The protocol should also ensure an accessible environment and adaptive assistive technology to promote the overall functional rehabilitation of children with ADHD.

Conclusions Based on the ICF theoretical framework, combined with the theory of mind-body interaction, and with reference to the WHO 2020 Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour, a functionally oriented exercise rehabilitation protocol was constructed, focusing on the children's attentional function, learning and mental functions.

Objective To explore the effect of behavioral vision training on post-stroke ocular motility disorders (PSOMD).

Methods From August to Octobor, 2023, a total of 21 PSOMD patients in Beijing Bo'ai Hospital were selected. They received behavioral vision training, including brain-based visual training and visual fusion training, for four weeks. Visual function was assessed with Snellen eye chart, strabismus prism and Titmus near stereopia.

Results The vision of both right and left eyes improved after training (Z _{right eye} = -3.601, Z _{left eye} = 3.012, P < 0.01), while the strabismus prism reduced significantly (t = 8.930, P < 0.001). But Titmus near stereopia showed no difference (P > 0.05).

Conclusion Behavioral vision training could improve vision and strabismus after stroke.

Objective To explore the effect of occupational skills relearning programme on hemiplegic arm motor function and activities of daily living (ADL) in stroke patients.
Methods From February, 2022 to August, 2023, 74 stroke patients in Guangdong Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital were enrolled and randomly divided into control group (n = 37) and experimental group (n = 37). The control group received conventional rehabilitation training, and the experimental group received additional occupational skills relearning programme, for three weeks. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), Functional Test for the Hemiplegic Upper Extremity-Hong Kong (FTHUE-HK), Motor Activity Log (MAL)-amount of use (AOU) and MAL-quality of movement (QOM), modified Barthel Index (MBI), and Stroke Impact Scale (SIS)-Hand and SIS-ADL before and after treatment.
Results The scores in all assessments improved significantly in both groups (|t| > 3.597, P < 0.05) after treatment, while the scores of FMA-UE, FTHUE-HK, MAL-AOU, MAL-QOM were higher in the experimental group than in the control group (|t| > 2.352, P < 0.05).
Conclusion Occupational skills relearning programme could promote the recovery of hemiplegic arm motor and activity, and facilitate the use of the hemiplegic arm in daily life in stroke patients.

Objective To systematically review the effect of high blood flow restriction training (BFRT) on patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).
Methods Relevant literature was searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang data, and VIP databases using subject term search methods from the inception to May 1st, 2024. The methodological quality of the included literatures was assessed using Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, and relevant data were extracted for systematic review.
Results A total of seven articles were finally included, involving 183 subjects from six countries. The intervention sites were mainly hospital rehabilitation departments and rehabilitation centers. The publication dates ranged from 2016 to 2023. In BFRT group, lower limbs were compressed during conventional rehabilitation training, with intermittent of 0.5 to 2 minutes or without deflation. BFRT would increase muscle strength, muscle hypertrophy, and improved knee joint function. Total duration of intervention and training intensity affected the improvement.
Conclusion High BFRT can improve the condition of the muscles around the knee joint and promote functional recovery after ACLR. To ensure the safety and effectiveness of the training, low-intensity strength training should be employed, with 15 to 30 repetitions per set, four to five sets per session, two to three sessions per week, and a total training duration of at least three weeks.

Objective To explore the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) based on music therapy on insomnia.

Methods From July, 2023 to April, 2024, 70 patients with insomnia in the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were randomly divided into control group (n = 35) and observation group (n = 35). Both groups accepted music therapy; moreover, the observation group accepted tDCS, and the control group accepted sham tDCS, for four weeks. They were assessed with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) total score and sub-score, Hamilton Depression Scale 17-item (HAMD-17), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Chinese version of Stress Perception Scale (CPSS); and the relative power of resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) and mean blood flow velocity (Vm) of each cerebral artery with transcranial Doppler were measured before and after treatment.

Results Five cases dropped down in the control group, and four in the observation group. PSQI total score and sub-score, HAMD-17 score, HAMA score and CPSS score (|t| > 3.503, P < 0.01) in the observation group decreased after treatment, and were less in the observation group than in the control group (|t| > 2.304, P < 0.05), except sleep duration, sleep efficiency and CPSS scores. The relative power of δ and θ increased in the observation group, and decreased in α, β and γ (|t| > 6.468, P < 0.001), and were better in the observation group than in the control group (|t| > 2.395, P < 0.05). The Vm of each artery increased in the observation group (|t| > 4.624, P < 0.001), and were more in the observation group than in the control group (|t| > 2.147, P < 0.05).

Conclusion tDCS based on music therapy may further improve sleep quality and EEG activity, increase cerebral blood flow velocity, and reduce adverse emotions in insomnia patients.

Objective To compare the effect of routine speech training and computer-assisted training on post-stroke dysarthria.

Methods From March, 2021 to April, 2023, 72 patients with post-stroke dysarthria in Beijing Bo'ai Hospital were randomly divided into control group (n = 36) and experimental group (n = 36). Both groups received routine rehabilitation, while the control group received routine speech training, and the experimental group received computer-assisted training, for four weeks. They were assessed with modified Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment (m-FDA) and Speech Intelligibility (SI) before and after intervention.

Results Eight cases in the control group and one case in the experimental group dropped down. The scores of m-FDA and SI improved in both groups after treatment (|Z| > 4.183, P < 0.001), and there was no significant difference between two groups (|Z| < 1.598, P > 0.05). Noninferiority of m-FDA was found between two groups (|t| > 3.656, P < 0.001).

Conclusion Computer-assisted training could improve the speech function of patients with post-stroke dysarthria, similar to routine speech training.

Objective To explore the current research situation, hotspots and development trend in the field of acupuncture and moxibustion intervention for post-stroke dysphagia (PSD).

Methods The literature on acupuncture and moxibustion intervention for PSD was retrieved from CNKI, VIP and Wanfang database from 1994 to December 31st, 2023, and analyzed with VOSviewer and CiteSpace.

Results A total of 1 816 articles were included, and the number of publications increased year by year, reaching a peak in 2021 with 180 articles. There were 274 core authors included in the literature, among which Cheng Hongliang, Zhou Hongfei and Feng Weixing were the authors with the highest publication volume. The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine was the most productive institution, and the connections between institutions were relatively scattered. The high-frequency keywords were swallowing dysfunction, stroke, acupuncture and moxibustion therapy, as well as rehabilitation therapy, among which tongue triple acupuncture, electroacupuncture, nape acupuncture and scalp acupuncture were the most commonly used methods. In addition, acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training, electrical stimulation, or other methods for PSD and acupoint selection rules were also research hotspots. When evaluating the efficacy of acupuncture intervention for PSD, the focus gradually shifted from the effective rate to the use of videofluorographic swallowing study, water swallowing test, standardized swallowing assessment, surface electromyography and other indicators to evaluate the swallowing function and the severity of dysphagia.

Conclusion Research on acupuncture and moxibustion interventions for PSD has developed rapidly, with hotspots including the selection of specific acupuncture and moxibustion techniques, the combination of acupuncture and moxibustion with other rehabilitation therapies, outcome indicators for acupuncture and moxibustion interventions in PSD, and the rules of acupoint selection. In the future, it is essential to strengthen academic exchanges and collaborations across institutions and regions. Greater emphasis should be placed on objective evaluation indicators of acupuncture and moxibustion therapies for improving the swallowing function in PSD patients, as well as on optimizing combinations of acupuncture and moxibustion with modern rehabilitation approaches, so as to better guide clinical practice.